How did the owners of these houses unwittingly save the J-Church line in 1917?
In the 1940s, dozens of streetcar lines got the ax and were replaced with buses. Only five were spared. Four of them (K, L, M, N) survived because they pass through tunnels (Twin Peaks Tunnel and Sunset Tunnel) which couldn’t be used for bus service [nycsubway.org].
The story of the fifth line, now called the J-Church, is a bit more complicated. Between 18th St and 22nd St, the J-Church runs along uses a right-of-way first through Dolores Park and then swinging east through backyards to skirt the steepest part of the hill. Thus the streetcars only have to climb a 9% grade while the traffic on Church St has to climb a 19.8% grade. Well, the right-of-way is too narrow to accommodate buses, and in the the city’s midcentury buses didn’t have enough power to get up the hill.
So the Church St streetcar line lives on, thanks to this strange little stretch of track. But it could have been otherwise—if not for a few cheapskate locals. The SF Municipal Reports from 1917 describe four competing plans. The first three of these plans would have modified Church St to be less steep (using a tunnel or a reinforced cut at the top of the hill). The fourth plan would have constructed a new boulevard for streetcar and automobile traffic that would skirt the steepest part of the hill. But constructing this 70-foot-wide boulevard would have required the city to acquire private property at substantial cost. Residents of a local assessment district would be taxed to shoulder part of the burden.
Property owners voiced their opposition to this tax, prompting the city to downsize the 70-foot-wide boulevard to a 28-foot right-of-way for streetcar traffic only. If this boulevard had been built, there would have been no obstacle to replacing the streetcar with a bus.
Incidentally, MUNI buses elsewhere in the city, both diesel and electric, climb grades above 20%, steeper than Church St, so the city could run a bus up Church St today if they wanted to. Luckily we live in a more enlightened age.
In a future episode of “happy accidents”: how the rush to rebuild after the 1906 earthquake narrowly saved San Francisco from having an even bigger, grander, and suckier civic center.